Seven conditions for achieving ultra-precision machining
Ultra-precision machining technology is a comprehensive technology involving a wide range of contents. To achieve ultra-precision machining of lathe spindles, it not only requires precision machine tool equipment and tools, but also requires stable environmental conditions. It also requires the use of computing technology for real-time detection and feedback compensation. , only by integrating the technical achievements in various fields. Only then is it possible to realize and develop precision machining. 1. Precision machining machine tools Precision machining machine tools are the primary condition for achieving precision machining. Machine tools must meet
(1) High precision. (2) High stiffness. (3) High stability and retention. (4) High automation. 2. Diamond Tools Precision cutting must be able to cut extremely thin metal layers evenly, and micro-removal is one of the important features of precision machining. Diamond tools are an important means in precision cutting. For ultra-precision grinding and polishing, materials such as cast iron, tin, polyester, felt, etc. can be used as grinding tools or polishers, and abrasives such as diamond, cubic boron chloride, zirconium corundum, chromium corundum, alumina, and silicon carbide can be used. Non-contact grinding and polishing, soft particle grinding and polishing, liquid grinding and polishing, etc., to obtain high precision and low surface roughness. 3. Precision cutting mechanism Precision cutting is micro-cutting. Many mechanical problems in the micro-cutting process have their own particularities. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on these cutting mechanism problems and grasp the changing rules. In order to make better use of precision machining technology to improve the processing accuracy and surface quality of parts. 4. Stable processing environment Precision processing must be carried out in a stable processing environment, which mainly includes four conditions: constant temperature, constant humidity, anti-vibration and air purification. 5. Detection and Error Compensation Ultra-precision machining of machine tool spindles must have corresponding detection technologies and means, not only to detect the accuracy and surface roughness of parts, but also to detect the accuracy of processing equipment and basic elements and components. 6. Precision measurement technology Precision machining technology is inseparable from precision measurement technology. Precision machining requires measurement accuracy that is one order of magnitude higher than machining accuracy. Ultra-precision cutting has higher requirements on machine tool equipment, diamond tool usage technology, thread detection and error compensation technology, and processing environment twisting technology than rice precision machining. 7. Materials to be processed Precision processing should use corresponding materials for ultra-precision processing to ensure processing quality. Ultra-precision processing using materials for general processing or materials that do not meet the requirements cannot achieve the expected results. Materials used for precision machining and ultra-precision machining have strict requirements in terms of chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, and processing performance; they should be uniform in texture, accurate in composition, stable and consistent in performance, and free of external and internal microscopic defects. The error of its chemical composition should be on the order of 10-2 to 10-3, and its impurity content should be controlled or free of impurities; its physical and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, hardness, elongation, elastic modulus, and thermal conductivity , expansion coefficient, etc., should be of the order of 10-5 to 10-6. Smelting, casting, rolling, heat treatment and other processes should be strictly controlled. Temperature, slag filtration, grain size, uniformity and directionality have a great impact on the physical, chemical, mechanical, processing and other properties of the material. .